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Blogs by Karen Palumbo
On This Day 11/13/1775
11/15/2010 6:31:31 PM
American Patriots take Montreal, Canada
Continental Army Brigadier General Richard Montgomery takes Montreal, Canada without opposition. Brigadier General Montgomery's victory owed its success in part to Ethan Allen's disorganized deafeat at the hand of British General and Canadian Royal Governor Guy Carleton at Montreal, Canada on September 24, 1775.
Ethan Allen's misguided and undermanned attack on Montreal, Canada led to his capture by the British and imprisonment in Pendennis Castle in Corwall, England. Although a failure in the short term, Ethan Allen's attack had long-term benefits for the Patriots.
Royal Governor Carleton had focused his attention on suppressing Ethan Allen's attack while refusing reinforcements to Fort St. Jean, to which Brigadier General Montgomery's expedition laid siege from August 21, 1775 to November 3, 1775.
Fort Jean's Commander, Major Charles Preston, surrendered on November 3, 1775 fearful of the hardship the town's civilians would face during a winter under siege. With the final fortification between Brigadier General Montgomery and Montreal in Patriot hands and Royal Governor Carleton's defenses displaced by the conflict with Ethan Allen, Brigadier General Montgomery's troops entered Montreal, Canada with ease on November 13, 1775.
After Brigadier General Montgomery's success at winning Montreal, Canada for the Patriots, Royal Governor Carleton escaped and fled to Quebec City, Canada where he and Brigadier General Montgomery would, in December 1775, again face one another in a climatic battle that would determine the fate of the Patriot invasion of Canada.
Facing the year-end expiration of their troops enlistment, Patriot troops advanced on Quebec City, Canada under the cover of a blizzard at approximately four in the morning on December 31, 1775. The British defenders under Royal Governor Guy Carleton were ready however, and when Brigadier General Montgomery's troops came within fifty yards of the city's fortifications, the British opened fire with a barrage of artillery and musket fire.
Brigadier General Montgomery was killed in the first assault, and after several more attempts at penetrating Quebec's defenses, his men were forced to retreat. Meanwhile, Colonel Benedict Arnold's Division suffered a similar fate during their attack on the northern wall of the city.
A two-gun battery opened fire on the advancing Americans, killing a number of troops and wounding Colonel Benedict Arnold in the leg. Patriot Daniel Morgan assumed comand and made progress against the defenders, but halted at the second wall of fortifications to wait for reinforcements.
By the time the rest of Colonel Arnol's Army finally arrived, the British had reorganized, forcing the Patriots to call off their attack. Of the nine hundred American Patriot troops who participated in the siege, sixty were killed or wounded and more than four hundred were captured.
The remaining Patriot troops then retreated from Canada. Colonel Arnold remained in Canadian territory until the last of the troops had crossed the St. Lawrence River to safety. With the pursuing British troops almost in firing range, Colonel Arnold checked one last time to make sure all his men had escaped, then shot his horse and fled down the St. Lawrence in a canoe. Royal Governor Carleton had successfully snatched victory from the jaws of defeat and secured Canada for the British empire.
(K) (HST)
Richard Montgomery American Brigadier General
Ethan Allen American Patriot
Guy Carleton Royal Governor, Canada
Charles Preston British Major
Benedict Arnold American Colonel
Danial Morgan American Patriot
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