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Blogs by Karen Palumbo
On This Day 11/17/1777
11/16/2010 6:25:24 PM
"Articles of Confederation" submitted to the States
Congress submits the "Articles of Confederation" to the States for ratification. The "Articles of Confederation" had been signed by Congress two days earlier, after sixteen months of debate. Bickering over land claims between Virginia and Maryland delayed final ratification for almost four more years.
Maryland became the last state to approve the "Articles of Confederation" on March 1, 1781, affirming them as the outline of the official government of the United States. The nation was guided by the document until the implementation of the current United States Constitution in 1789.
The critical distinction between the "Articles of Confederation" and the "United States Constitution", the primacy of the States under the "Articles of Confederation", is best understood by comparing the following lines.
The "Articles of Confederation" begins:
"To all to whom these Present shall come, we
the undersigned Delegates of the United States..."
In contrast, the "United States Constitution" begins:
"We the People of the United States...do ordain
and establish this Constitution for the United
States of America."
The predominance of the states under the "Articles of Confederation" is made even more explicit by the claims of "Article II", which states:
"Each State retains its sovereignty, freedom,
and independence, and every power, jurisdiction,
and right, which is not by this Confederation
expressly delegated to the United States, in
Congress assembled."
Less than five years after the ratification of the "Articles of Confederation", enough leading Americans decided that the system was inadequate to the task of governance that they peacefully overthrew their second government in just over twenty years.
The difference between a collection of sovereign States forming a confederation and a federal government created by a sovereign people lay at the heart of the debate as the new American people decided what form their government would take.
Between 1776 and 1787, Americans went from living under a sovereign King, to living in sovereing States, to becoming a sovereign people. That transformation defined the "American Revolution".
(K) (HST)
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