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Blogs by Karen Palumbo
On This Day 11/20/1789
11/22/2010 6:13:31 PM
New Jersey ratifies the "Bill of Rights"
New Jersey ratifies the "Bill of Rights", becoming the first state to do so. New Jersey's action was a first step toward making the first "Ten Amendments" to the "United States Constitution" law and completing the revolutionary reforms begun by the "Declaration of Independence".
The Anti-Federalist critics of the "United States Constitution" were afraid that a too-strong federal government would become just another sort of the monarchical regime from which they had recently been freed.
They believed that the "United States Constitution" gave too much power to the federal government by outlining its rights but failing to delineate the rights of the individuals living under it.
Before the Massachusetts ratifying convention would accept the "United States Constitution", then, which they finally did in February 1788, the document's Federalist supporters had to promise to create a "Bill of Rights" to be amended to the "United States Constitution" immediately upon the creation of a new government under the document.
This helped to assauge the Anti-Federalist's concerns. As promised, the newly elected Congress drafted the "Bill of Rights" on December 26, 1789. Drafted by James Madison and loosely based on Virginia's "Declaration of Rights", the first "Ten Amendments" give the following rights to all United States citizens.
*Freedom of religion, speech and assembly
*Right to keep and bear arms for the purpose
of a well-regulated militia
*No forcible quartering of soldiers during
peacetime
*Freedom from unreasonable search and seizure
*Right to a grand jury for captial crimes and
due process. Protection from double jeopardy,
self-incrimination and public confiscation
of private property without "just
compensation"
*Right to "speedy and public" trial by jury
and a competent defense
*Right to trial by jury for monetary cases
above twenty dollars
*Protection against "excessive" bail or fines
and "cruel and unusual" punishments
*Rights not enumerated are "retained by the
people"
*Rights not given to the federal government
or prohibited the state governments by the
"United States Constitution, are reserved
to the States, or to the people"
(K) (HST)
James Madison Patriot, President - USA
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