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Blogs by Karen Palumbo
On This Day 4/12/1770
5/11/2011 7:55:46 PM
British repeal hated Townshend Acts
The British government moves to modify outraged colonists by repealing most of the clauses of the hated Townshend Acts. Initially passed on June 29, 1787 the Townshend Act constituted an attempt by the British government to consolidate fiscal and political power over the American colonies by placing import taxes on many of the British products bought by Americans, including lead, paper, paint, glass, and tea.
The measure bore the name of Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who was notoriously conservative in his understanding of colonial rights. Charles Townshend's annual Revenue Act levied a controversial package of taxes on the colonists, including duties on lead, painter's colors, paper and tea.
Chancellor Townshend also undermined the Colonial Judiciary by increasing the power of the British Navy's Vice-Admiralty courts over American colonists and initiating an American Board of Customs Commissioners charged with enforcing his new import taxes.
These taxes were used at least in part to fund the salaries of colonial Governors and Judges to ensure their financial, and thus political independence from the colonial assemblies. Chancellor Townshend also moved British troops from the western frontier to the eastern seaboard, where they were both less expensive to supply, and more troubling to colonists, who feared that they were being asked to cover the expenses of their own military oppression
Riotes protest of the Townshend Acts in the colonies often invoked the phrase:
"No Taxation Without Representation"
Colonists eventually decided not to import British goods until the Townshend Acts were repealed and to boycott any goods that were imported in violation of their non-importation agreement. Colonial anger culminated in the deadly "Boston Massacre" on March 5, 1770.
Also on March 5, 1770 Chancellor Townshend's successor (he had died soon after proposing the hated act), Lord Frederick North asked Parliament to repeal the "Townshend Acts" except for the duty on tea. Lord North considered all the duties bad for trade and thus expensive for the British empire.
However, Lord North wished to avoid the appearance of weakness in the face of colonial protest and thus left the tax on tea in place. This strategy successfully divided colonial merchants, eager for their own enrichment, to resume trade in all British goods barring tea, from colonial craftsmen, who profited from non-importation agreements and wished to leave them in place as long as the tax on tea remained in effect.
(K) (HST)
Charles Townshend Author of Townshend Act
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Lord Frederick North Chancellor of the Exchequer
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