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Blogs by Karen Palumbo
On This Day 4/22/1778
5/18/2011 5:51:13 PM
John Paul Jones leads American raid on Whitehaven, England
Late in the evening John Paul Jones leads a small detachment of two boats from his ship, the "USS Ranger" to raid the shallow port of Whitehaven, England where by his own account, four hundred British merchant ships are anchored. John Paul Jones was hoping to reach the port at midnight, when ebb tide would leave the shops at their most vulnerable.
John Paul Jones and his thirty volunteers had greater difficulty than anticipated rowing to the port, which was protected by two forts. They did not arrive until dawn, John Paul Jones boat successfully took the southern fort, disabling its cannon, but the other boat returned without attempting an attack on the northern fort, after the sailors claimed to have been frightened away by noise.
To compensate, John Paul Jones set fire to the southern fort, which subsequently engulfed the entire town. Commander John Paul Jones, one of the most daring and successful Naval Commanders of the "American Revolution", was born in Scotland on July 6, 1747, He was apprenticed to a merchant at the age of thirteen and soon went to sea from Whitehaven, England the very port he returned to attack.
In Virtinia at the onset of the "American Revolution", John Paul Jones sided with the American Patriots and received a commission as a First Lieutenant in the Continental Navy on December 7, 1775. After the raid on Whitehaven, England John Paul Jones continued to his home territory of Kirkcudbright Bay, where he intended to abduct the Earl of Selkirk,then exchange him for American sailors held captive by Great Britain.
Although John Paul Jones did not find the Earl of Selkirk at home his crew was able to steal all his silver, including his wife's teapot, still containing her breakfast tea. From Scotland, John Paul Jones sailed across the Irish Sea to Carrickfergus, where the "USS Ranger" captured the "HMS Drake" after delivering fatal wounds to the British ship's Captain and Lieutenant.
In September 1779 John Paul Jones fought one of the fiercest battles in all of Naval history when he led the "USS Bonhomme Richard" frigate names for Benjamin Franklin in an engagement with the fifty-gun Briish warship "HMS Serapis". The "USS Bonhomme Richard" was struck. It soon began to take on water and caught fire. When the British Captain of the "HMS Serapis" ordered John Paul Jones to surrender, John Paul Jones famously replied:
"I have not yet begun to fight!"
A few hours later, the Captain and Crew of the "HMS Serapis" admitted defeat and John Paul Jones took command of the British ships. John Paul Jones went on to establish himself as one of the great Naval Commanders in history. John Paul Jones is remembered along with John Barry as:
"Father of the American Navy"
John Paul Jones is buried in a crypt in the U.S. Naval Academy Chapel at Annapolis,Maryland where a Marine Honor Guard stands at attention in his honor whenever the crypt is open to the public.
(K) (HST)
John Paul Jones American Commander
First Lieutenant, Navy
Benjamin Franklin American Patriot
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