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Blogs by Karen Palumbo
On This Day 4/23/1778
5/18/2011 6:16:04 PM
John Paul Jones burns Whitehaven, England
Early in the morning of April 23, 1778 John Paul Jones with thirty volunteers from his ship, the "USS Ranger", launches a surprise attack on the two harbor forts at Whitehaven, England. John Paul Jones boat successfully took the southern fort, but a second boat assigned to attack to the northern fort, returned to the "USS Ranger" without having done so, claiming to have been scared off by a strange noise.
To compensate, John Paul Jones decided to burn the southern fort. The blaze ultimately consumed the entire town. It was the only American raid on English shores during the "American Revolution". Later the same day, John Paul Jones continued from Whitehaven, England where he began his sailing career, to his home territory of Kirkcudbright Bay, Scotland.
There he intended to abduct the Earl of Selkirk, and then exchange him for American sailors held captive by Great Britain. Although he did not find the Earl of Selkirk at home John Paul Jones crew was able to steal all his silver, including his wife's teapot, still containing her breakfast tea.
From Scotland, John Paul Jones sailed across the Irish Sea to Carrickfergus, where the "USS Ranger" captured the "HMS Drake" after delivering fatal wounds to the British ship's Captain and Lieutenant. In September 1779, John Paul Jones fought one of the fiercest Naval battles in history when he led the "USS Bonhomme Richard" frigate, named for Benjamin Franklin, in an engagement with the fifty-gun British warship "HMS Serapis".
The "USS Bonhomme Richard" was struck. It began taking on water and caught fire. When the British Captain of the "USS Serapis" ordered John Paul Jones to surrender, John Paul Jones famously replied:
"I have not yet begun to fight!"
A few hours later, the British Captain and crew of the "HMS Serapis" admitted defeat and John Paul Jones took command of their ship. John Paul Jones went on to establish himself as one of the greatest Naval Commanders in history. He is remembered along with John Barry as the "Father of the American Navy". He is buried in a crypt in the U.S. Naval Academy Chapel at Annapolis, Maryland, where a Marine Honor Guard stands at attention in his honor whenever the crypt is open to the public.
(K) (HST)
John Paul Jones American Commander, Navy
Benjamin Franklin American Patriot
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