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Blogs by Karen Palumbo
On This Day 9/7/1776
9/21/2011 6:12:31 PM
World's first submarine attack
During the "American Revolution", the American submersable craft, "The Turtle", attempts to attach a time bomb to the British Admiral Richard Howe's flagship "The HMS Eagle" in New York Harbor. It was the first use of a submarine in warfare.
Submarines were first built by Dutch inventor Cornelius van Drebel in the early Seventeenth Century, but it was not until one hundred fifty years later that they were first used in Naval combat. David Bushnell, an American inventor, began building underwater mines while astudent at Yale University.
Deciding that a submarine would be the best means of delivering his mines in warfare, hebuilt an eight-foot-long wooden submersible that was christened "The Turtle" for its defining shape. Large enough to accommodate one operator, the submarine was entirely hand-powered. Lead ballast kept the craft balanced.
Donated to the Patriot cause after the outbreak of war with Great Britain in 1775, Ezra Lee iloted "The Turtle" craft unnoticed outto the sixty-four gun British "HMS Eagle" in New York Harbor on September 7, 1776. As Ezra Lee worked to anchor a time bomb to the hull, he could see British seamen on the deck above, but they failed to notice the strange craft below the surface.
Ezra Lee had almost secured the bomb when his boring tools failed to penetrate a layer of iron sheathing. He retreated, and the bomb exploded nearby, causing to harm to either the British "HMS Eagle" or "The Turtle". During the next week, "The Turtle" made several more attempts to sink British ships on the Hudson River in New York, but each time it failed, owing to the operator's lack of skill.
Only David Bushnell was really able to competently execute the submarine's complicated functions, but because of his physical frailty he was unable to pilot "The Turtle" in any of the combat missions. During the "Battle of Fort Lee", "The Turtle" was lost when the American Sloop trnsorting it was sunk by the British.
Despite the failures of "The Turtle", General George Washington gave David Bushnell a commission as an Army engineer, and the drifting mines he constructed destroyed the British frigate "HMS Cereberus" and wreaked havoc against other British ships. After the "American Revolution", he became Commander of the United States Army Corps of Engineers stationed at West Point, New York.
(K) (HST)
Richard Howe British Admiral
Cornelius van Drebel Dutch inventor, submarines
David Bushnell American invetor
Ezra Lee Pilot of "The Turtle"
George Washington American General
President, USA
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